Key Components:

1. Circuit Breakers: Protect against overcurrent, short circuits, and electrical faults. Types include vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs), air circuit breakers (ACBs), and SF6 circuit breakers.

2. Switches and Disconnectors: Isolate sections of the circuit for maintenance or emergency purposes.

3. Current and Voltage Transformers (CTs and VTs): Measure electrical parameters and provide inputs to protection devices.

4. Protective Relays: Detect faults and initiate protective actions like tripping the breaker.

5. Busbars: Conductors that distribute electricity to different circuits within the panel.

6. Control and Monitoring Devices: Include meters, relays, and SCADA systems for remote monitoring and control.

7. Enclosures: Durable, often metal-clad or gas-insulated, to protect components from environmental hazards and ensure operator safety.

Functions:

• Power Distribution: Transfers medium voltage power from a source (e.g., transformer, generator) to substations or industrial machinery.
• Protection: Safeguards the system from electrical faults, ensuring safety and preventing damage.
• Control and Automation: Enables precise control over electrical systems and integration with advanced automation technologies.
• Reliability: Minimizes power outages and downtime through robust protection mechanisms.

Applications:

• Utilities: Power generation, transmission, and distribution networks.
• Industrial Facilities: Oil & gas plants, manufacturing industries, and mining operations.
• Renewable Energy: Wind and solar power plants.
• Infrastructure Projects: Airports, metros, and large commercial buildings.